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Water is a
universal solvent for inorganic (polar) salts in a wide variety of
concentrations some of which if physical change occurs leads to instability
(incompatibility), which creates problems that have to be overcome in a number
of industrial processes.
The identification of these
problems caused in general by poorly soluble salts and the treatment of these
is what the PMAC Dynamic Scale Loop can identify, whether it is in:
* drinking water purification / production
* the manufacturing / process industries
* the petroleum industry (by-product)
Water treatment and management is costly but mismanagement can be catastrophic.
Salt deposits (scale) can be the cause of many problems from flow
restriction to masking corrosion in process or pipeline systems. |
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 HP/HT pH Cell
In situ reservoir and
water pH is critical to the behaviour of wet oil and gas, influencing scaling
tendency, corrosivity and emulsion formation. Although a number of predictive
models are available , these are limited in accuracy and assume steady state
single phase conditions. |
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 Hydrate Test Cells
Deepwater oil
production, high pressure reservoirs and the extended tie backs all lead to an
increased risk of line blockage and loss of field production. Although
predictive models are reasonably accurate for thermodynamic hydrate formation
they are not suitable for prediction of kinetic formation and the evaluation of
the newer generation of kinetic and threshold hydrate inhibitors. |
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 Scale
PMACs' Dynamic Scale Loop is the
Industry standard technique used globally as an invaluable research and
development tool for technologists responsible for the design, operation and
efficiency of water handling systems in which thermal, pressure or chemical
changes promote the deposition of scales. |
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| Our range of
chemistry based technologies allows for inhibitor screening and dose selection
both in the laboratory and in the field. Systems can be manufactured in
speciality alloys, such as C-276 for H2S environments for corrosive media. At
PMAC Systems we not only provide techniques for understanding of the chemical
processes (which affect the corrosion processes) we have now developed our
"Smart" new range of cathodic protection products, for pipeline and tank farm
monitoring and control, utilising GPS and GSM technologies |
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 Autoclaves
Many of the high pressure
test rigs require conditioning of fluid under controlled conditions before
transfer to the measuring cell. For example formation of emulsions by mixing
oil and water under tubing or wellhead conditions, cooling and shearing of
crude to simulate pipeline flow and consequent effect on wax crystallisation,
precipitation of asphaltene with pressure change etc.. |
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 Rotating Wheel
This apparatus is one of
the original techniques of evaluating the effectiveness of corrosion inhibitor
performance. Some of those advantages are:
* Samples can be cost effectively tested at the same
time, normally in the region of 24.
*
Comfortable sample volume to handle. * Sour analysis can be more easily
conducted as the test is carried out in sealed sample cells. |
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 RCE Test LP/HP
Is an inexpensive
laboratory technique for conducting velocity related corrosion tests and is
invaluable for rapid screening of inhibitors before more sophisticated tests or
limited Field trials. This test generally gives good qualitative results, under
the limited shear conditions of the apparatus, but when used in conjunction
with PMAC high pressure / high temperature cell, simulation of more extreme
shear conditions is possible, resulting in much improved predictability of
inhibitor performance |
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 Smart Transformer Rectifiers
PMAC
Systems remote monitoring technology has been adapted to provide the "SmartTR"
range of products. Whether oil filled or air cooled PMAC Systems rectifiers are
"Smart". Using the latest GSM technology remote monitoring, data logging and
control is now available. Complex systems can be designed to "self-police",
adjust and maintain the level of protection required, even in the most remote
areas. PMACs' flagship the SmartTR-1 comes with the ability to
remotely: |
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 Current Interrupters
The PMAC GPS 50
current interrupter makes possible accurate measurement of energised/polarised
potential levels for Cathodic Protection System commissioning and monitoring
purposes.
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| The systems we
provide are a unique range of knowledge-based technologies designed to evaluate
potential problems and help aid any necessary action to obtain optimum
production cost-effectively. Efficient chemical selection, optimisation and
continuous monitoring will also save money, preserve assets and aid the
environment. All of the instruments are designed by chemists for
chemists |
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 Core Flood/Formation Damage
Core flood
apparatus is specifically designed to undertake measurement of damage occurring
through reservoir of drill-in and completion fluids, evaluate clean up
chemicals and stimulation packages. Test equipment is available in a number of
different configurations including standard and & dual
flow.
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 Low Shear HP/Rheology
Sophisticated
drilling and hydrocarbon production technologies require an in depth knowledge
of fluid properties: hydrocarbon (oil & gas), water plus any combination in
addition to external fluids i.e. drilling muds and chemicals. The thermodynamic
behaviour of these fluids influences the reservoir and production stream:
density, viscosity etc. depend upon pressure, temperature and
composition.
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 Asphaltene
The Field Asphaltene Test
Rig is a side stream system - that means it is connected in to the crude oil
process at a suitable sample point. The flow through the Test Rig is at full
line pressure and temperature and can therefore be returned downstream back
into the main oil line.
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 Pipeline Restart
It is important in the
design and operation of a pipeline system to understand pipeline start-up
pressure requirements. The operator requires to be able to predict the
propagation of liquid slugs during transient flow conditions in a multi-phase,
as created during flow rate changes, pipeline depressurisation, shutdown and
start-up operations.
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 Wax Coaxial Shearing Deposition
Cell
Shear is applied to the surface of the cold finger by
rotating the outer cylinder at a controlled rate to simulate a rate of shear
generated by the flow in a pipeline. The wax can be collected and the nature of
the crystal structure observed and compositional analysis
undertaken.
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 Micro PVT
The MicroPVT has been
developed to determine the physical, rheological and thermodynamic properties
of fluids by measuring the change in volume of a sample under applied pressure.
These measurements can be performed at a range of temperatures to provide the
volume pressure relationship as a function of temperature
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Mindex Ltd are Libyan and Nigerian agents for PMAC
is a company specialising in flow assurance and integrity support
services. PMAC serves the global oil and gas industry from exploration through
to production and transportation of hydrocarbons utilising a unique blend of
proprietary expertise and an established range of technologies; drawing on a
combined knowledge of practical experience in chemistry, corrosion, inspection
and electronic engineering, to provide clients with a unique design and
manufacturing capability, complimented with a range of service capabilities.
worldwide as an industry standard for evaluation &
optimisation of scaling potential & inhibitor selection, whether in
oilfield applications or waste water management through to paper industries.
are complex engineering feats that require a delicate
balance and often fine tuning in order to optimise production. 
